NU study identifies ecotourism as key to managing human-tiger conflicts

Researchers from Nagaland University have proposed a comprehensive strategy to mitigate escalating human–tiger conflicts in Uttarakhand’s buffer zones around Jim Corbett National Park by integrating community-based ecotourism, local participation, and geospatial technology.
Published in Springer’s peer-reviewed Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (DOI: 10.1007/s10661-025-14936-0), the study analyses three decades (1991–2025) of spatiotemporal conflict trends in the eastern buffer zone near Ramnagar and adjoining villages in Pauri, Almora, and Nainital districts.
NU vice chancellor Prof. Jagadish K. Patnaik said the research reflects the university’s commitment to community-oriented environmental solutions.
Using GIS-based ecological and conflict modules, researchers mapped land-use change, habitat shrinkage, population growth, tourism pressure, and conflict incidents, classifying risk into low, moderate, high, and very high zones.
Findings show an approximate 3% annual rise in human–tiger encounters, driven by habitat loss, demographic shifts, excessive tourism beyond carrying capacity, and unplanned infrastructure in eco-sensitive areas.
Lead author Prof. MS Rawat (Department of Geography, NU) said ecological and socio-economic pressures have intensified conflicts, with very high-risk zones expanding fastest, requiring coordinated conservation, technology, and community engagement.
Co-author Dr. Pradeep Kumar Rawat (Asian International University, Imphal) outlined measures including community awareness, GIS-based risk mapping, responsible ecotourism, scientific land-use planning, and protective barriers in high-risk zones.
Ananya Rawat (Amity University, Noida) highlighted ecotourism’s role in generating alternative livelihoods, reducing forest dependence, and promoting conservation awareness, alongside habitat restoration, early warning systems, and community vigilance.
Based on field surveys, victim-family interviews, and forest department records, the study produced hotspot maps for policymakers and recommended treating human–wildlife conflict mitigation on par with disaster management. Researchers said the findings could strengthen conservation planning and public safety in tiger landscapes nationwide.