Reframing an ideology

As the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) celebrates its centenary, its chief, Mohan Bhagwat, appears to be orchestrating a significant repositioning of the organisation. Long viewed as a rigid, para-military cadre of “khaki-clad snickerwallahs,” the RSS is now being presented in a more moderate light. Through a series of carefully articulated speeches and strategic engagements, Bhagwat is attempting to solidify the Sangh’s space in the national mainstream, moving it from the fringes of political discourse to its very centre.In a recent media address, Bhagwat navigated several contentious issues with a tone of calculated moderation. On reservation, he affirmed the Sangh’s support for the constitutionally-guaranteed quotas, stating they should continue until the beneficiaries themselves no longer feel the need for them. He invoked Deendayal Upadhyaya’s vision of uplifting the downtrodden, while simultaneously declaring the historical caste system irrelevant today. On national identity, he struck a unifying chord, questioning the need to speak of “Hindu-Muslim unity” when “we all are Indians,” and asserting that Hindu thought does not preclude the existence of Islam in the country. This messaging, however, does not represent a complete departure from the Sangh’s core ideology. Bhagwat remains firm on foundational issues, identifying illegal migration and religious conversion as primary causes of demographic imbalance. He also advocates for removing names of foreign aggressors from public places. This balancing act suggests a leader attempting to soften the organisation’s image to appeal to a wider audience without alienating his committed base. It is a strategy of moderation, not abandonment. Bhagwat’s efforts extend beyond rhetoric. His tenure has been marked by a concerted outreach to figures outside the Sangh’s traditional ecosystem. The invitation to former President Pranab Mukherjee in 2018 was a landmark event, followed by high-profile visits from international dignitaries, including a German ambassador and respected American policymakers. These engagements are clear attempts to gain mainstream and global legitimacy for an organisation often viewed with suspicion. On the whole, Bhagwat’s narratives could be interpreted as as a genuine evolution of the RSS. Under his leadership, the RSS may be maturing, embracing dialogue, and slowly adapting to the pluralistic realities of modern India. This outreach could foster a less confrontational political environment. However, skeptics would argue that this is a sophisticated public relations exercise. With its ideological affiliate, the BJP, in power, this softening is a strategic necessity to consolidate influence. The core agenda remains intact, merely repackaged in more palatable language for broader consumption. Mohan Bhagwat is skilfully steering the RSS through a pivotal moment in its history. He is undeniably working to secure its relevance for the next century by making it more acceptable to the nation and the world. The fundamental question, however, remains unanswered. Does this charm offensive signal a true ideological realignment toward embracing India as a diverse mosaic, or is it a tactical rebranding to advance a long-held vision of cultural homogeneity? Or is it another attempt to put old wine in new bottle? The ultimate test will lie not in speeches, but in the actions of the Sangh’s vast network on the ground.